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Medulloblastoma
symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of medulloblastoma
The medulloblastoma accounts for about 20% of pediatric brain tumors. It is, however, also seen in adults. These brain tumors are always found in the cerebellum (the back part of the brain). These tumors tend to grow quickly and can spread along the spinal fluid to other parts of the nervous system. In particular medulloblastomas can spread to the spine and cause spinal cord compression.
Symptoms
Medulloblastomas tend to cause symptoms related to elevated pressure in the head caused by blockage of spinal fluid. This results in hydrocephalus, which can present with headaches, nausea and vomiting. Pressure on the cerebellum can cause balance problems.
Diagnosis
As always, a careful history and physical examination are the first steps in diagnosis. CT or MRI scanning of the brain without and with intravenous contrast enhancement followed by MRI scanning of the entire spine are the next steps.
Treatment
Surgery to remove as much tumor as safely possible is the usual first step in the treatment of medulloblastoma. Depending on the situation, a spinal fluid shunt may need to be placed. Radiation therapy generally follows surgery. This can include radiation to the brain and spine. Children under the age of three might be treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy might also be used to treat older patients.
Call 1-800-411-CINN or the location nearest you between 8 AM and 5:30 PM Central Time, Monday through Friday to schedule an initial consultation with a CINN physician.